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2019 Year in Review

Sanford Underground Research Facility made amazing progress in 2019. Here's our highlight reel.
2019 banner image

As 2019 draws to a close, we remember the highlights that made this year remarkable. From advancing science and outreach to growing our workforce and infrastructure—this was an "amazing year of progress" at the Sanford Underground Research Facility.

“We have new experiments installing deep underground to begin operation in 2020, facility construction of the largest science experiment ever attempted on US soil well underway, and the SDSTA now has a new direct relationship with the Department of Energy’s Office of Science through a Cooperative Agreement for Sanford Lab operations. I’m grateful for the dedication and hard work of our board of directors and staff and the strong partnerships we have with DOE, partner laboratories and science researchers.”

— Mike Headley, executive director, SURF 

Watch our compilation of this year's highlights:

People in a room around signed document

SDSTA signed a cooperative agreement with U.S. Department of Energy

On September 27, the South Dakota Science and Technology Authority signed a Cooperative Agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Science, establishing a direct relationship between the two entities. The agreement includes DOE funding for Sanford Lab operations over the next five years, as well as several facility infrastructure improvement projects in FY2020, for a total of $124 million. Future infrastructure improvement projects will be added each fiscal year, equipping the nation’s most qualified and modern underground laboratory for the future. 

In 2019, Sanford Lab increased its full time workforce by 30 percent.

With facility upgrades, Sanford Lab increased its maximum underground capacity from 72 to 144. 

large building onsite

Preparation for new maintenance building

Early in July, crews began the process of removing three buildings at the SanfordLab. The buildings—Machine Shop, Motor Shop and Iron House—were used during Homestake mining operations. However, since 2002, the shops have been either empty or used as cold storage. 

The old shop buildings will be replaced by a new Maintenance Support Facility, a 25,000-square-foot structure that will provide shop space for maintenance activities, a warehouse, offices and meeting spaces. Funding for the project was provided by both the previous and current governors of the State of South Dakota. 

Headframes stand atop the hillsides in a black and white photo

Celebrating the Yates and Ross

The Ross and Yates Shafts were built in the 1930s and served as powerhouses for Homestake Mining Company for years. When asked what is most remarkable about these shafts, the experts unanimously agree—the engineering and craftsmanship that allow these shafts to be used to this day by Sanford Lab.

These shafts have withstood the test of time, gaining iconic status in the region. This year, we celebrated the 80 and 85 year-anniversaries of the Yates and Ross Shafts, respectively.

Through engaging curriculum units, in-school presentations, field trips and more, the Education and Outreach team reached 13,692 students in the region this year.

The Education and Outreach team worked with 476 South Dakota educators through professional development programs in 2019.

Actors on stage and symphony in the pit on neutrino day, with northern lights dancing behind them

Neutrino Day 2019 sets new record in Lead

This year's Neutrino Day was all about questions. We invited our community members to be curious—to bring their questions to the researchers and employees that make the advancement of scientific inquiry an everyday mission.

With a record-setting number of attendees, our Neutrino Day team welcomed nearly 1,700 guests, many of whom had questions about such topics as particle physics research, extremophiles living underground, the engineering behind deep science and new projects coming to Sanford Lab.

Headley and Walter present award to Rokusek

Sanford Lab announces 2019 CORES Award

At Nobel Day, Sanford Lab presented the 2019 CORES Award to South Dakota Public Broadcasting’s "Science Steve” Rokusek for his passion for science education and his visible commitment to science outreach in the region.

Rokusek performs at science festivals and other events across the state and has been a mainstay at every Neutrino Day since its inception. His humorous demonstrations bring to life the laws of physics, chemistry, anatomy and more, inspiring future scientists and delighting audiences of all ages.

In October, the Sanford Lab community raised $2,813 for the Foundation for Health to assist local breast cancer patients.

In December, the Sanford Lab community donated 262 pounds of food to the Lord's Cupboard in Lead and Feeding South Dakota in Rapid City.

Inner cryostat hangs suspended in the Yates Shaft

LUX-ZEPLIN milestones

After 13,500 working hours in the surface clean room assembling tens of thousands of components, the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter team was ready to move their fully assembled central detector underground. This final journey of LZ’s central detector to its resting place in a custom-built Davis Cavern required extensive planning and involved two test moves of a “dummy” detector to ensure its safe delivery.

“This was the most challenging move of a detector system that I have ever done in decades of working on experiments,” said Jeff Cherwinka, LZ's chief engineer who is from the University of Wisconsin. Cherwinka led the planning effort for the move along with SURF engineers and other support staff.

Majorana's inner cryostat sits in the midst of the detector

Majorana milestones

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, a proving ground for neutrinoless double-beta decay research, helped pave the way for a next-generation experiment: Legend-200. Today, MAJORANA is playing a crucial role in preparation for Legend-200, which will be built in an underground laboratory in Gran Sasso, Italy.

In October, the first of two enriched germanium detectors arrived at the MAJORANA cleanroom on the 4850 Level of Sanford lab. In this underground space, protected from cosmic rays and dust, the detectors were scanned and characterized. Two others will even be placed inside the thick multi-layered MAJORANA shield. MAJORANA is also providing ultra-pure copper, while 35 of its enriched germanium detectors will be repurposed for Legend-200.

twelve people with shovels break ground 

LBNF groundbreaking on beamline

On Nov. 14, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) joined with its international partners to break ground on a new beamline that will help scientists learn more about ghostly particles called neutrinos.

The beamline is part of the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF), which will house the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), an international endeavor to build and operate the world’s most advanced experiment to study neutrinos. Neutrinos created by this beamline will travel 800 miles through the earth to detectors a mile underground at the Sanford Lab in Lead, South Dakota.

Full details.

Man empties muck from front loader into rail cart

Preparing for DUNE

This year, Sanford Lab and its partners made remarkable progress preparing the facility for its role as the Far Site for the Fermilab-hosted DUNE. Crews with Kiewit-Alberici Joint Venture, the General Contractor for LBNF in Lead, have been working to prepare the site for excavation.

This includes surface projects like the Tramway renovation and upgrades to the Oro Hondo Fan, as well as underground projects, including the Ross Rehabilitation Project and the Ore Pass openings.

Crane lowers a building onto concrete slab

LBNF completes upgrade to Far Site’s underground ventilation system

The LBNF project recently completed an upgrade of the Oro Hondo Fan, replacing its variable frequency drive. The Oro Hondo Fan is the main ventilation fan for the underground facility and is located on the surface along Kirk Road near Lead. This upgrade, completed with the support of Sanford Lab and four local contractors, ensures dependable ventilation in the underground spaces at Sanford Lab.

Jack Stratton Tom Adam and Jim McCulloch portraits

Remembering friends we've lost

This year, we lost several members of the Sanford Lab community. We remember Jack Stratton, long time Yates Shaft Foreman; Tom Adam, former SDSTA board member; and Jim McCulloch, infrastructure technician at Sanford Lab. 

Staff and partners make us successful

"Credit for this very successful year goes first to our staff," Headley said. "Their commitment to our mission ensures that scientists and other partners can do their work safely and efficiently every day. We also are grateful to our partners, including the various science collaborations at Sanford Lab; Fermilab, which has oversight responsibilities for our operations activities for the Department of Energy and is the lead DOE laboratory for the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (LBNF/DUNE) project; and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Finally, we so appreciate the continuing support we receive from the State of South Dakota and the SDSTA Board of Directors."

Looking ahead to 2020…

  • In 2019, the South Dakota Science and Technology Authority created the Sanford Underground Research Facility Foundation to build organizational capacity in support of Sanford Lab’s educational and scientific mission. In 2020, the Foundation will begin its important work.
  • For several years, the Education and Outreach team at Sanford Lab has led professional development for teachers. In 2020 their successful program will serve as a statewide model in science education and workforce development through the 2019 NSF EPSCoR grant.
  • In 2019, Sanford Lab began an  Artist-in-Residence program with Gina Gibson. A professor of digital communication at Black Hills State University and a multimedia artist, Gibson will combine mediums to create a unique body of work based on the research and other activities taking place at Sanford Lab and will culminate in a public exhibition during Sanford Lab’s 2020 Neutrino Day event. Sanford Lab will select a new artist for the program in 2020.